ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
“Explore the GNM first-year Bioscience syllabus, covering essential topics in Anatomy, Physiology, and Microbiology. Gain foundational knowledge of human body systems, cell structure, immunity, and the role of microorganisms in health and disease, crucial for nursing practice.”
| Unit No. | Contents | Assessment Methods |
|---|---|---|
| I | Introduction to anatomical terms organization of the human body: a) Anatomical terms b) Systems and cavities of the human body | Short answer questions. Objective type |
| II | Introduction to the detailed structure of the body: a) The cell: Structure, reproduction and function b) Tissues including membranes and glands: types, structure and functions c) Body cavities and their contents | Short answer questions. Objective type |
| III | Blood: a) Composition and formation of blood b) Functions of blood c) Blood clotting, blood grouping, and cross-matching d) Blood products and their use | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| IV | The Circulatory System: a) Heart: Structure, functions including conduction system and cardiac cycle b) Blood vessels: Types, Structure, and position c) Circulation of blood d) Blood pressure and pulse | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| V | The Lymphatic system: a) Structure and function of lymph vessels, Lymph nodes and lymph circulation, lymphatic tissue – spleen and thymus | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| VI | The Respiratory system: a) The structure and functions of respiratory organs b) The physiology of respiration c) Characteristics of normal respiration and deviation | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| VII | The Digestive system: a) Structure and functions of the alimentary tract and its accessory organs b) The process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food constituents | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| VIII | The Excretory system: a) Structure and functions of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra b) Formation and composition of urine c) Fluid and electrolyte balance d) Structure and functions of the skin e) Regulation of the body temperature | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| IX | The Endocrine system: a) The structure and functions of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), ovaries and testes | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| X | The Reproductive system: a) Structure and functions of the female reproductive system b) Process of menstrual cycle, reproduction and menopause c) Structure and functions of breasts d) Structure and functions of the male reproductive system e) Reproductive health | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| XI | The nervous system: a) Types of nerves- structure and functions b) Brain and cranial nerves c) Spinal cord and motor and sensory pathways of the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| XII | The sense organs: a) Skin, eye, ear, nose and tongue b) Physiology of vision, hearing, smell, touch, taste and equilibrium | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| XIII | The Skeleton: a) Formation and growth of bones b) Tendons, ligaments and cartilages c) Classification of bones, joints d) Joint movement e) Axial and appendicular skeleton | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
| XIV | The Muscular System: a) Type, structure and functions of muscle b) Origin, Insertion, and action of muscles | Short answer questions. Objective type Essay type |
Microbiology
Here’s a table based on the data provided for microbiology:
| Unit No. | Content | Assessment Methods |
|---|---|---|
| I | Introduction a) History of bacteriology and microbiology. b) Scope of microbiology in Nursing | Short answer. Objective type. |
| II | Micro Organisms a) Classification, characteristics, (Structure, size, method and rate of reproduction) b) Normal flora of the body. c) Pathogenesis & common diseases. d) Methods for study of microbes, culture & isolation of microbes. | Short answer. Objective type. Essay type. |
| III | Infection and its transmission a) Sources and types of infection, nosocomial infection. b) Factors affecting growth of microbes. c) Cycle of transmission of infection: portals of entry, exit, modes of transfer. d) Reaction of body to infection, mechanism of resistance. e) Collection of specimens. Short answer. Objective type. Essay type. | Short answer. Objective type. Essay type. |
| IV | Immunity a) Types of immunity – innate and acquired. b) Immunization schedule. Immunoprophylaxis (vaccines, sera etc.) c) Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. d) Principles and uses of serological tests. | Short answer. Objective type. Essay type. |
| V | Control and destruction of Microbes a) Principles and methods of microbial control: Sterilization, Disinfection, Chemotherapy and antibiotics, Pasteurization. b) Medical and surgical asepsis. c) Bio-safety and waste management. | Short answer. Objective type. Essay type. |
| VI | Practical Microbiology a) Microscope: Parts, uses, handling, and care of microscope. b) Observation of staining procedure, preparation and examination of slides and smears. c) Identification of common microbes under the microscope for morphology of different microbes. |